Statistics and Why It Is Important to Health Sciences
Statistics and Why It Is Important to Health Sciences
HTL 362V What Is Statistics and Why It Is Important to Health Sciences?
EXCERCISE 6
Answer: The frequency of the COPD is 7
The percentage of the COPD is 14
2-What percentage of the total sample is retired? What percentage of the total sample is on sick leave?
Answer: 61% of the total sample is retired.
15% of the total sample is on sick leave.
3- What is the total sample size of this study? What is the frequency and percentage of the total sample were still employed? Show your calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole percent.
Answer: The total sample size is 91
Frequency:14
Percentage: 14/91 = 0.1538 X 100 = 15%
4- What is the total percentage of the sample with a smoking history – either still smoking or former smoker? Is the smoking history for study participants clinically important? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Answer: Total percentage of still smoker is:25%
Total percentage of Former Smoker is: 63%
Total: 63+25 = 88/91 x100 = 97%
Yes, It is important due to lung cancer.
5- What are pack years of smoking? Is there a significant difference between the moderate and severe airflow limitation group regarding pack years of smoking? Provide rationale for your answer.
Answer: The pack years of smoking is the amount of packs that are smoked in a specific number of years, those are the numbers that show how much the person has smoked over their lifetime. A pack a year is equal to smoking a pack of cigarettes per day for one year. There is no difference between moderate and severe groups regarding the pack year of smoking because the p value is 0.177 (less than 5%) due to Moderate 29.1 and Severe 34.
6-What were the four most common psychological symptoms reported by this sample of patients with COPD? What percentage of these subjects experienced these symptoms? Was there a significant difference between the moderate and severe airflow limitation groups for psychological symptoms?
Answer: The four most common psychological symptoms were:
· Feeling Irritable 28%
· Worrying 33%
· Feeling Sad 22%
· Difficulty of Sleeping 52%
· ( There were not significant difference between groups.)
7-What frequency and percentage of the total sample used short-acting Beta 2 agonist? Show your calculations and round to the nearest whole percent.
Answer: Frequency Moderate 13. Severe 32
32+13=45/91=0.494 x 100 = 49%
8- Is there a significant difference between moderate and severe airflow limitation groups regarding the use of short-acting Beta 2 agonist? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Answer: Yes because in Moderate, 31% is used in medication and in Severe, 65% is used in medication which makes a total difference of 34%.
9- Was the percentage of COPD patients with moderate and severe airflow limitation using short-acting Beta 2
agonist what you expected? Provide rationale with documentation for your answer.
Answer: Yes, In the treatment of COPD, Beta 2 agonist is the first-line therapy. It is used both in long and short-term relief of symptoms. It is used when symptoms such as wheezing, SOB, and coughing appear. Beta 2 agonist work by stimulating beta 2 receptors in the muscles that line in airways, which causes them to relax and allows the airway to dilate.
10- Are these findings ready for use in practice? Provide rationale.
Answer: Yes. I think all this information provided a broad insight on COPD and is very helpful for people and nurses that suffer this condition which is very common in today’s population
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