What were some of the challenges you encountered in drafting your outline?

What were some of the challenges you encountered in drafting your outline?

What were some of the challenges you encountered in drafting your outline?

Discussion #2: Exploring the Scholarly Literature In this Discussion forum, please respond to the following questions: 1. Discuss how the process of exploring the scholarly literature has broadened your understanding of the problem you have chosen to examine for your integrative project. 2. What are the ethical values and practices that need to be considered about your topic? 3. To what extent has your perspective on this problem changed as a result of reading articles presenting relevant peer-reviewed research establishing a link between contextual factors and the problem? Discussion #3: Outlining Your Integrative Project Paper In this Discussion forum, please discuss your experience building the outline that will serve as the basis for the forthcoming final paper of your review/plan/paper/proposal. What were some of the challenges you encountered in drafting your outline? What resources did you consult to refresh your memory about the type of project you are undertaking (i.e., literature review, program plan, program evaluation, policy analysis paper, or research proposal)? How might you locate information of this sort down the road once you have graduated? Discussion #4: Presentations and Evaluations For the first week of this module: • Develop a 5 minutes video or a written 5 minutes oral presentation on your project, specifically highlighting: o The problem you chose to address; o The approach you took to address the problem (literature review, program planning, program evaluation, etc.); o Key things you learned (relative to the problem) having undertaken your project (state and elaborate upon at least four of these).

What were some of the challenges you encountered in drafting your outline?

Discussion: Reflections on Course Concepts Given the readings and assignments in the course: • • • Identify and briefly discuss two concepts in this course that you believe will be most applicable to the professional discipline you will enter upon completion of your degree program. What is the importance of these concepts to the professional discipline? How will you use these concepts in your future career? Optional: Offer feedback on how the course and/or facilitation of the course can be improved. Reflection is a mental process that challenges you to use critical thinking to examine the course information, analyze it carefully, make connections with previous knowledge and experience, and draw conclusions based on the resulting ideas. A well-cultivated critical thinker raises vital questions and problems, formulating them clearly and precisely; gathers and assesses relevant information, using abstract ideas to interpret it effectively; comes to well-reasoned conclusions and solutions, testing them against relevant criteria and standards; thinks open-mindedly within alternative systems of thought, recognizing and assessing, as need be, their assumptions, implications, and practical consequences; and communicates effectively with others in figuring out solutions to complex problems. (Paul & Elder, 2008) In order to earn maximum credit, the comment should be more than your opinion, and more than a quick “off the top of your head” response. Be sure to support your statements, cite sources properly, cite within the text of your comments, and list your reference(s). The response must be a minimum of 250 words. Paul, R. & Elder, L. (February 2008). The miniature guide to critical thinking concepts and tools. Foundation for Critical Thinking Press Module 2 – Case UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEXT OF THE PROBLEM Assignment Overview Having selected the environmental/occupational health, global health security, health education, or public health problem you wish to examine for your integrative project, and having received approval to pursue this problem as your topic, you will now consider this problem within its broader context. The conceptual model that follows should be used as a guide in identifying the determinants or factors that contribute to the observed problem. Hint: When reviewing this model, begin at the individual level rather than the local, regional, or global levels, and work outward to identify relevant contextual factors. Access a copy of the report that presents and explains this model in detail. Globalization and Social Determinants of Health: Conceptual Model Source: World Health Organization, Globalization Knowledge Network (2007). Towards health-equitable globalisation: Rights, regulation and redistribution; Final report to the Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Case Assignment From this model, please identify and discuss four contextual factors including cultural differences relevant to your problem, and note how each either diminishes or exacerbates the problem you are seeking to address. Your overall response should be 4–5 double-spaced pages, excluding references. Your analysis of the impact of each factor should be supported with evidence from the scholarly literature (at least one peer-reviewed source per factor) and properly cited both within the body of your paper and the reference list appearing at the end. Length: 4–5 pages, double-spaced (excluding cover-page and reference list). Format: APA format is required for this assignment. Module 2 – SLP UNDERSTANDING THE CONTEXT OF THE PROBLEM Continue to assemble your annotated bibliography, adding and annotating a minimum of 5–8 additional sources (at least 5 of which must be peer-reviewed) to those previously incorporated in Module 1. These may include but should not be limited to resources identified for your Module 1 and 2 Case assignments. Make sure to include at least one source that addresses how diverse perspectives or cultural differences affect the problem you are seeking to further understand. Highlight new sources that you added for this module. Length: 4-6 pages, double-spaced (excluding cover-page). Module 3 – Case OUTLINING YOUR REVIEW/PLAN/PAPER/PROPOSAL Case Assignment Recall that in MHS504, you were required to draft an outline as a first step toward structuring your Session Long Project paper for that course. For this Case Assignment, you are required to do the same, using components of your chosen project type (i.e., literature review, program plan, program evaluation, policy analysis paper, or research proposal) as your outline’s main headings. Click on the links in the table below to refresh your memory regarding components of each of these. Literature review Program plan Program evaluation Policy analysis paper Research proposal Length: 2-4 pages, double-spaced (excluding cover-page). Format: APA format is required for this assignment. Module 3 – SLP OUTLINING YOUR REVIEW/PLAN/PAPER/PROPOSAL Continue to assemble your annotated bibliography, accumulating and annotating an additional 5–8 scholarly sources (at least 5 of which must be peer-reviewed). By now, your paper should consist of at least 15 scholarly sources total. Highlight new sources that you added for this module. Length: 6-9 pages, double-spaced (excluding cover-page). Format: APA format is required for this assignment. Module 4 – Case DEVELOPING AND FINALIZING YOUR REVIEW/PLAN/PAPER/PROPOSAL Case Assignment Develop and finalize your paper in accordance with the feedback received from your professor on your writing outline in Module 3. Next, apply the Writing Center Checklist provided in the Module 4 Required Reading to determine if all criteria have been satisfied with regard to: • • • • Subject, audience, purpose Organization Paragraphing Sentences Submit a 12- to 15-page Review/Plan/Paper/Proposal of your topic/problem by the conclusion of this module Module 4 – SLP DEVELOPING AND FINALIZING YOUR REVIEW/PLAN/PAPER/PROPOSAL Finalize your annotated bibliography, editing as necessary and adding 5–8 additional annotations (at least 5 of which should be associated with peer-reviewed sources). By now you should have at least 20 peer-reviewed scholarly sources and annotations for each. Length: 10-12 pages, double-spaced (excluding coverpage). Format: APA format is required for this assignment. 1 Discussion #3: Outlining Your Integrative Project Paper In this Discussion forum, please discuss your experience building the outline that will serve as the basis for the forthcoming final paper of your review/plan/paper/proposal. What were some of the challenges you encountered in drafting your outline? What resources did you consult to refresh your memory about the type of project you are undertaking (i.e., literature review, program plan, program evaluation, policy analysis paper, or research proposal)? How might you locate information of this sort down the road once you have graduated? Discussion #4: Peer Presentations and Evaluations For the first week of this module: • Develop an oral presentation on your project, specifically highlighting: o The problem you chose to address; o The approach you took to address the problem (literature review, program planning, program evaluation, etc.); o Key things you learned (relative to the problem) having undertaken your project (state and elaborate upon at least four of these). Discussion: Reflections on Course Concepts Given the readings and assignments in the course: 2 • • • Identify and briefly discuss two concepts in this course that you believe will be most applicable to the professional discipline you will enter upon completion of your degree program. What is the importance of these concepts to the professional discipline? How will you use these concepts in your future career? Reflection is a mental process that challenges you to use critical thinking to examine the course information, analyze it carefully, make connections with previous knowledge and experience, and draw conclusions based on the resulting ideas. A well-cultivated critical thinker raises vital questions and problems, formulating them clearly and precisely; gathers and assesses relevant information, using abstract ideas to interpret it effectively; comes to well-reasoned conclusions and solutions, testing them against relevant criteria and standards; thinks open-mindedly within alternative systems of thought, recognizing and assessing, as need be, their assumptions, implications, and practical consequences; and communicates effectively with others in figuring out solutions to complex problems. (Paul & Elder, 2008) In order to earn maximum credit, the comment should be more than your opinion, and more than a quick “off the top of your head” response. Be sure to support your statements, cite sources properly, cite within the text of your comments, and list your reference(s). The response must be a minimum of 250 words. Paul, R. & Elder, L. (February 2008). The miniature guide to critical thinking concepts and tools. Foundation for Critical Thinking Press Creating a Project Timeline Project Timeline for Emergence and Spread of Infectious Illnesses Developing a project schedule for the emergence and spread of infectious illnesses can be time consuming and difficult due to the need to collect and analyze data from various sources. Some possible methods for developing a schedule for a project are outlined below (Piret & Boivin, 2021). 1. Define the scope of the project First, you must establish the parameters of your project, such as the timeframe to be used in analyzing and the infectious diseases you will be looking into. 2. Collect data As soon as the project’s boundaries have been established, it is time to begin collecting information from various sources, such as academic journals, newspapers, government documents, and online databases (Piret & Boivin, 2021). Finding what you need may necessitate using many web resources, such as search engines, library databases, and others. 3. Analyze the data Once you have collected all the information, you will need to evaluate it to find the causes and effects of infectious disease outbreaks. Statistics programs, data visualization programs, and other data analysis methods may be used. 4. Create the timeline You can use a project management application or software to make a timeline depicting the emergence and spread of the infectious diseases you’ve been studying once you’ve finished analyzing the data. Include pivotal moments like outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics, as well as noteworthy attempts to curb or halt the disease’s spread (Piret, & Boivin, 2021). Possible roadblocks to establishing a schedule for your project include the following: There may be gaps in the data available, especially for newly emerging or under-studied infectious diseases. To fill in the gaps, you should look to outside sources for data and information, like interviews with specialists or personal accounts from people who have dealt with the issue. There’s a good chance that the data you’re working with is complex and challenging t o evaluate, especially if it comes from various sources or is otherwise extensive (Zamani et al., 2021). It posts that you may employ sophisticated data analysis methods or consult with those who already have that knowledge. Limitations in available time: when dealing with a lot of information, developing a project schedule might be lengthy. It posts you may set priorities and schedule enough time to finish everything. There may need to be adaptable and try many strategies until you find one that works to overcome the obstacles. If you need assistance analyzing and interpreting your data, you may always consult with peers or professionals in the field for advice (Baim-Lance et al., 2020). Data analysis and visualization are complex processes; thus, it’s possible that using software tools and other available resources will prove useful. References Piret, J., & Boivin, G. (2021). Pandemics throughout history. Frontiers in microbiology, 11, 631736. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.631736/full Baim-Lance, A., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Wisdom, J. P. (2020). Project management principles for optimizing publication productivity of mixed methods studies. The Qualitative Report, 25(3), 646-661. Zamani, S. H., Rahman, R. A., Fauzi, M. A., & Yusof, L. M. (2021, February). Effect of COVID -19 on building construction projects: Impact and response mechanisms. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 682, No. 1, p. 012049). IOP Publishing. Case Study The rationale for Addressing the Emergence and Spread of Infectious Illnesses For several reasons, taking on the issue of the emergence and spread of infectious diseases is important. For starters, infectious diseases remain a major global health danger, with both new diseases and resurging strains of existing ones appearing with worrying regularity (Barrett et al., 1998). Over 25% of global mortality is attributed to infectious diseases. New infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS, SARS, Covid-19, and Ebola have profoundly affected global health and economies, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Green, 2020). Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the genesis and spread of infectious diseases is crucial to developing effective measures for preventing or reducing the negative effects of these pandemics. Major societal and economic repercussions are associated with the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. Infectious illness outbreaks can severely impact trade, travel, and other economic activities. Further, underprivileged and underserved communities are disproportionately hit by infectious disease outbreaks; therefore, it is important to investigate the causes of these pandemics so that we can design effective countermeasures (Green, 2020). Learning about the origins and spread of infectious diseases is essential reading for anybody considering a career in public health or a closely connected sector. Prevention and control measures must consider the complex interplay between biological, social, and environmental factors that contribute to the origin and spread of infectious diseases (Connolly et al., 2021). Learning more about this issue will help professionals better grasp the obstacles and possibilities associated with combating infectious diseases and equip them to do their jobs in various contexts. Data, both quantitative and qualitative, on the emergence and spread of infectious diseases are abundant and can be utilized to bolster the action case. A higher population density, increased foreign travel, and lower socioeconomic status are all characteristics that have been demonstrated to enhance the likelihood of an epidemic of an infectious illness (Green, 2020). Evidence from other fields points to the value of public health initiatives like immunization and infection control in slowing the spread of disease (Barrett et al., 1998). Learning more about the origins and dissemination of infectious diseases can help us devise better methods of stopping and reversing their spread. This is an important field of research that could have far-reaching effects on public health and the well-being of people everywhere. Resources required to complete the project Developing a working thesis, setting research objectives, identifying appropriate data sources, collecting data, analyzing data, and presenting findings to the class take considerable time because of the depth and breadth of the research. To finish a research paper on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases, I need to set aside some time to gather relevant source materials and do background research (Gouda et al., 2019). Research articles, government reports, and other relevant publications will likely need to be accessed and reviewed. Additionally, it would be important to consult with specialists, such as those at the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) and other government-chartered institutes conducting research in this area. There’s also a requirement for using computers and the internet to gather data. To ensure the project’s success, thorough research must be conducted using appropriate resources, such as books, databases, and presentation aids. I need more than just time but also various research materials, including medical journals, databases, and other records documenting the spread of infectious diseases (Barrett et al., 1998). Also, I might have to undertake surveys or interviews with industry insiders to fill in the gaps in my knowledge. Access to statistical analysis software and other analytical tools will also be helpful. Last but not least, I need to give some thought to the format in which I will deliver the results of my research. Making a report or other written materials, as well as possibly making visual aids like slides and graphs, may be required. Project topic and form based on evidence from the scholarly literature Contagious diseases that have previously emerged in a population or whose prevalence or distribution patterns are fast expanding or which promise to increase shortly are considered emerging infectious diseases (Connolly et al., 2021). The following are examples of potential sources of emerging infections: infectious pathogens that have not been identified in the past, Agents that we know of that have spread to new areas or people, Agents that have been identified in the past but whose function in some diseases has been overlooked, and the re-emergence of agents whose disease prevalence had fallen but has since increased. The term “re-emerging infectious diseases” describes this subset of illnesses. In its report prepared, the World Health Organization expressed concern over the unprecedented number of new infectious disease outbreaks. SARS, MERS, Ebola, chikungunya, avian flu, swine flu, Zika, and perhaps most recently, COVID-19, generated by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, are just some of the roughly 40 contagious diseases that have been identified ever since the 1970s (Connolly et al., 2021). New diseases urgency compels one to investigate the issue at hand and propose viable answers. A significant cause for concern is the potential for new infectious illnesses to spread swiftly and trigger worldwide epidemics due to increased human mobility, more human contact with wildlife, and increased human density (Gouda et al., 2019). As deduced by a specialist dealing with Bioterrorism Agents, there is the possibility that new diseases will arise directly from the deliberate insertion into people, animals, or plant ecosystems for terrorist reasons. Anthrax, smallpox, and tularemia are all examples of such infections. Project Timeline 8-week timeline Week 1 Task 1: Review the literature Task 1: Develop a research plan and W methodology e of infectious illnesses Task 2: Identify and gather relevant e Task 2: Develop a research data sources for the project (e.g., k question and hypothesis scientific articles, government 3 on the emergence and spread Week 2 reports, news articles. Week 3 Week 5 Task 1: Analyze data and Week 4 Task 1: Begin drafting the W identify trends introduction and background e Task 2: Write a literature sections of the project report. e review summarizing the Task 2: Continue writing the main k current state of knowledge on body of the project report, including 6 the emergence and spread of a discussion of the data collected and Task 1: Start preparing any the chosen illness. necessary visual aids (e.g., graphs and charts) to support the findings. Task 2: Finalize data analysis and complete the results section Task 1: Finalize data analysis and complete the analyzed. Week 6 results section Task 2: Begin writing discussion and conclusion Week 7 Task 1: Edit and revise the entire Week Task 1: Make final edits and prepare the manuscript f manuscript 8 or submission Task 2: Prepare for presentation or submission Task 2: submit the final report. References Barrett, R., Kuzawa, C. W., McDade, T., & Armelagos, G. J. (1998). Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases: the third epidemiologic transition. Annual review of anthropology, 247-271. Gouda, H. N., Hazard, R. H., Maraga, S., Flaxman, A. D., Stewart, A., Joseph, J. C., … & Riley, I. D. (2019). The epidemiological transition in Papua New Guinea: new evidence from verbal autopsy studies. International journal of epidemiology, 48(3), 966-977. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/HarryPoka/publication/335751258_The_epidemiological_transition_in_Papua_New_Guinea_ New_evidence_from_verbal_autopsy_studies/links/62e3544e4246456b55f11c60/Theepidemiological-transition-in-Papua-New-Guinea-New-evidence-from-verbal-autopsystudies.pdf Green, M. H. (2020). Emerging diseases, re‐emerging histories. Centaurus, 62(2), 234-247. Connolly, C., Keil, R., & Ali, S. H. (2021). Extended urbanization and the spatialities of infectious disease: Demographic change, infrastructure, and governance. Urban Studies, 58(2), 245-263. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0042098020910873 SLP Wong, S. Y., & Tan, B. H. (2019). Megatrends in infectious diseases: the next 10 to 15 years. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 48(6), 188-194. https://annals.edu.sg/pdf/48VolNo6Jun2019/MemberOnly/V48N6p188.pdf Approximately 50 million people died during the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918-19. It has been about 100 years since then. This article provides a brief overview of the major milestones in infectious disease history, focusing on the scientific breakthroughs that have improved our knowledge of viruses, their epidemiology, and how they can be prevented and treated. We stress that there has been an epidemiological shift in infectious diseases worldwide and that these shifts are substantial. How these shifts unfold and the forces they set loose will determine the world’s trajectory in the future. The authors propose four key “megatrends” in infectious illnesses as key issues to be addressed during the next 10–15 years. These shifts present challenges, but they also present chances to remake the future. The medical community may be able to influence the future by adapting to these changes if they are aware of and prepared for them. Making further progress will necessitate holistic strategies incorporating surveillance, public health, and applying scientific discoveries to disease control. Green, M. H. (2020). Emerging diseases, re‐emerging histories. Centaurus, 62(2), 234-247. https://doi.org/10.1111/1600-0498.12306 Green, in his article, believed that the emergence of Ebola and, HIV & AIDS disapproved the world and that they had come up with intervention measures by use of vaccinations, health interventions, and antibiotics in the 1990s. The author believes that with histories that describe the origin of such infectious diseases, scientists can develop appropriate mitigation measures to snuff them out before they become a pandemic. Through this book, one can look at the emergence of infectious diseases as a routine activity. Therefore there is a need to look at the history of various diseases to understand them to develop effective intervention measures. Singer, B. J., Thompson, R. N., & Bonsall, M. B. (2021). The effect of the definition of ‘pandemic quantitative assessments of infectious disease outbreak risk. Scientific reports, 11(1), 1-13. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81814-3 The term “pandemic” can be employed to express infectious disease risk in the early phases of an occurrence, especially by individuals who want to inspire a large-scale public health mobilization. Their research demonstrates how various understandings of pandemic risk can affect the results of modeling studies. It offers a basis for comprehending the scientific necessity of accurate language when describing pandemic risk. This helps to emphasize the importance of workers in pandemic preparedness by being aware of the varying definitions of the phrase “pandemic” and offering precise quantitative specifications before attempting any of the sorts of assessment that they demonstrate to be susceptible to the pandemic definition. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) labels new disease outbreaks and emergencies as pandemics, the author says that the WHO does not define what it means to be a pandemic. Because of this, as a scientist, I am curious about the rate at which new infectious diseases emerge and whether or not this indicates the start of a pandemic. Connolly, C., Keil, R., & Ali, S. H. (2021). Extended urbanization and the spatialities of infectious disease: Demographic change, infrastructure, and governance. Urban Studies, 58(2), 245-263. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?output=instlink&q=info:zYbzQtTkwskJ:scholar.googl e.com/&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&as_ylo=2019&scillfp=10545054960909819199&oi=lle Current processes of prolonged urbanization may lead to greater susceptibility to the spread of infectious diseases. It focuses on three of the most important factors—demographic shift, physical environment, and institutional framework—that have been found to affect the transmission of infectious diseases in the literature. To demonstrate our points, we will use cases of re-emerging infectious disease occurrences and breakouts from all over the planet to show how widespread urbanization in the largest context has exacerbated the conditions required for the spread of infectious illnesses. The authors argue that future studies of the spatiality of health and disease should consider how different patterns of extensive urbanization might affect the likelihood of outbreaks and how these risks can be mitigated. Iftekhar, E. N., Priesemann, V., Balling, R., Bauer, S., Beutels, P., Valdez, A. C., … & Willeit, P. (2021). A look into the future of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: an expert consultation. The Lancet Regional Health-Europe, 8, 100185. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666776221001629 Specifically, they shed light on three factors—population immunity and vaccination rates, variations of concern (VOCs), and community reactions to pandemic policy—that significantly affect the epidemic’s progression. Secondly, it lays forth-potential futures depending on the information gathered from April 2021. In this article, the effects of the COVID-19 catastrophe on healthcare, the community, and the economy are summarized at a high level. In the final section, the authors delve deeper into some of the most important ideas discussed throughout the rest of the article, including long-term strategy; vaccine coverage; mass vaccination organization; decreasing immunity; virus mutation; increasing compliance; airborne dissemination; and One Healthcare. Learning the effects of COVID-19 on human health challenges one to research more on the emergence of infectious diseases to come up with solutions aimed at keeping society safe. Kantamneni, N. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on marginalized populations in the United States: A research agenda. Journal of vocational behavior, 119, 103439. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7205696/ Crises on a global and national scale typically shed attention on employment disparities that adversely affect people from underprivileged groups. Because of the COVID-19 epidemic and the substantial changes in society because of social isolation policies, many disadvantaged communities in the United States have experienced a significantly severe impact on financial and work-related variables. The writers of this piece set out to detail how the COVID-19 pandemic may disproportionately affect workers of color, people with low incomes, and women. The authors argue that vocational psychologists should conduct studies that investigate how the COVID-19 epidemic is disproportionately harming marginalized populations.
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